Gender Differences in Body Dissatisfaction: Investigating the Associations of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Interoceptive Awareness

Abstract

Although body dissatisfaction (BD) is highly prevalent in men and women, previous studies have mostly focused on female BD, thus neglecting male BD. However, men and women display BD differently, and it is thus possible that certain determinants have varying influences on BD, depending on gender. This paper investigated the associations between intolerance of uncertainty, interoceptive awareness and male and female BD. A cross-sectional correlational research design was employed, and participants (n =171) completed questionnaires measuring the variables. Two mediation analyses were conducted, with IA mediating the association between IU and male and female BD. A total and direct effect of IU on female BD was found. IA mediated this relation. For males, no significant effects were found. Exploratory analyses revealed a positive association between IU and the subscale Low Body Fat for males. Findings underline the importance of studying gender differences in BD to enhance treatment options. Determinants of BD seem to differ in males and females. Interestingly, the desire for a skinny body seems to be important for both genders.