Theory of Mind deficits in Anorexia Nervosa and Autism Spectrum Condition

Abstract

Theory of Mind (ToM) is an important ability for people to understand and be able to function in humans’ complex social environment. Deficits in ToM are therefore an important subject for research and treatments. In both Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Autism Spectrum condition (ASC) deficits in ToM have been found. However, there is a difference between implicit and explicit ToM. Both in individuals with ASC and AN, the deficits seem to be in implicit rather than explicit ToM. But more research is needed to confidently establish this. This suggests the re-evaluation of ToM tests, focussing more on multifaceted non-verbal implicit ToM tests, to get the full range of ToM without verbal challenges. Research has found that ToM deficits seem to be linked to hypoactivation of the TPJ. In ASC, treatments such as tDCS on the TPJ have lessened the difficulties these individuals have with ToM. Further research therefore needs to investigate tDCS in individuals with AN. Furthermore, knowledge of both ASC and AN ToM deficits should be combined for better treatment and diagnosis options.